Happy Birthday Russell Simmons!

Co-founder of Def Jam Records, Russell Simmons was the force behind the hip-hop revolution, promoting stars like the Beastie Boys, Public Enemy and LL Cool J.

Background

Before Jay Z, Diddy and Dre there was Russell Simmons — the original hip-hop mogul. A former New York street hustler turned promoter, artist manager, record producer, and label owner, Simmons also added business magnate and self-help guru to his resume. With his diverse portfolio of interests, he's amassed a personal fortune of more than $300 million and has changed the face of hip hop many times over at Def Jam, the label he co-founded with the producer Rick Rubin. He pioneered the rap-rock crossover with Rubin on Run-DMC's "Walk this Way," co-produced the first gold-certified hip-hop single (for Kurtis Blow) and album (for LL Cool J), blended the worlds of hip hop and fashion with Run-DMC, and helped create a global audience for rap music. "My life has been largely about promoting the anger, style, aggression and attitude of urban America to a worldwide audience," he wrote in his 2002 autobiography, Life and Def. Few can claim to have done this more effectively than Simmons has.

Born and Raised in Queens, NY

Russell Simmons was born on October 4, 1957. He was the second of three sons whose parents — Daniel Sr., a teacher, and Evelyn, an administrator — raised their family in the Jamaica neighborhood of Queens, New York. His parents were hardworking and aspirational, but the wider community in Queens was "destroyed by drugs," Simmons told The Guardian in 2013. "Everybody shot dope… I used every drug there is… but it didn't make me a bad person: it made me a sad person, a diseased person." Simmons also sold drugs for a time and ran with a street gang, the Seven Immortals. His concerned father made him get a job at Orange Julius in Greenwich Village, in an attempt to steer him away from trouble — but Simmons got fired after a month for throwing oranges at people. He finally got his wake-up call when one of the Seven Immortals was murdered — after which he dropped out of gang life, winding up at the City College of New York in Harlem, where he majored in sociology.

How Simmons Got His Start

One night in 1977, Simmons heard the "world famous" MC Eddie Cheeba rapping in a club. It was Simmons' first brush with hip hop, and he felt like he'd "just witnessed the invention of the wheel." He began putting on parties with a fellow student, Curtis Walker — a talented DJ and MC whom Simmons signed to his newly formed company, Rush Management, under the stage name Kurtis Blow.
Inspired by the success of "Rappers' Delight" in 1979, they recorded a single together, "Christmas Rappin.'" But Simmons could not get a record deal for Blow. So he pressed vinyl copies of "Christmas Rappin'" himself and gave them to DJs to play in clubs, sparking the interest of retailers who were led to believe that they could buy the record from the Polygram label (they couldn't). When Polygram began receiving calls, their interest was piqued and Blow got his record deal — a masterstroke by Simmons. "Christmas Rappin'" was released in December 1979 and went on to sell more than 500,000 copies. Simmons never completed college; by now his path was set.

Run DMC, Def Jam With Rick Rubin

By 1982, Simmons' younger brother, Joseph, had formed a hip-hop group with his friends Darryl "DMC" McDaniels and Jason "Jam Master Jay" Mizzell. Simmons co-produced two songs for them, "It's Like That" and "Sucker MCs" — the latter's sparse, hard-edged sound was unlike anything heard in hip hop before: it was the first time Simmons had reinvented the genre; it wouldn't be the last. "Because of the way it sounded and the impact it had on how people heard rap records, I believe co-producing "Sucker MCs" is the single most creative thing I have ever done," Simmons wrote in his autobiography. On the strength of those two songs, Simmons secured a deal for Run-DMC with the independent label Profile Records. Run-DMC's self-titled debut album in 1984 became the first rap album to be certified gold.
A year earlier, 26-year-old Simmons had been introduced to an aspiring producer, Rick Rubin, then 20, at the Danceteria nightclub in Manhattan. They were chalk and cheese — Simmons a savvy hustler, Rubin a student punk-rock fan from suburban Long Island. But they immediately clicked and Simmons became an equal partner at Rubin's fledgling label, Def Jam (which he had been running from his dorm room at New York University). The pair had a hit with their first release — "I Need a Beat," by the 16-year-old LL Cool J — enabling Simmons to secure a distribution deal with Columbia: the first deal of its kind for a hip-hop independent with a major label.

Cashing Out on Def Jam

For the next four years, Def Jam blazed a trail for hip hop. Highlights included turning frat-boy rap into an unlikely global phenomenon with The Beastie Boys' album Licensed to Ill; landing the first million-dollar endorsement deal for a hip-hop group when Run-DMC's single "My Adidas" came to the attention of the sportswear giant; fusing rock with hip hop on Run-DMC and Aerosmith's "Walk this Way" — the video becoming the first featuring a hip-hop act to be played on heavy rotation at MTV; and turning the world on to black-power politics via the most explosively radical group in hip-hop history, Public Enemy.
Rubin left the label in 1988 under circumstances that have never been fully explained. Simmons hinted to Billboard, many years later in 2016, that there had been creative differences, but also suggested that these had not been insurmountable; it has also been widely reported that Rubin lost a power struggle with Lyor Cohen, who would take his place at Def Jam and become the label's president. In 1994, Simmons and Cohen sold half of Def Jam to Polygram for $33 million; they sold the rest to Seagram (which by then had bought Polygram) in 1999 for $130 million, according to Rolling Stone. Now under the Universal Music Group umbrella, Def Jam continues to be hugely influential although neither of its founders is involved in the label.

Mogul: 'Def Jam Comedy' to Phat Farm to Global Grind

Even before Simmons had made his fortune from the sale of Def Jam, he was expanding his business interests beyond music — creating a template that other hip-hop moguls would follow. He co-founded the Simmons Lathan Media Group in 1989, creating hit TV series such as The Def Comedy Jam and Russell Simmons Presents Def Poetry, the latter of which became a Tony Award-winning Broadway production. (Simmons recently announced he would be returning to Broadway with a new hip-hop musical, The Scenario.)
He launched a clothing business, Phat Farm, in 1992 and expanded it to become Phat Fashions before selling the company to Kellwood in 2004 for a reported $140 million. (He currently has two other clothing lines, ArgyleCulture "for the millennial male" and Tantris, which makes yoga apparel). In 2013 he co-founded a financial-services company, Unirush LLC, which offers prepaid debit cards to low-income customers — its sale to the Green Dot Corporation for $147 million was announced in January 2017.
Simmons uses his parent company, Rush Communications, to oversee his vast business portfolio — which also includes the pop-culture website Global Grind, three nonprofits, Celsius ("the world's first negative calorie drink"), Def Pictures and Rush Books, which publishes Simmons's business and self-help books, including 2008's Do You! 12 Laws to Access the Power in You to Achieve Happiness and Success — which has a foreword from Donald Trump.
Simmons has known Trump for three decades and used to count the current president as a friend. That friendship soured when Simmons began to publicly criticize Trump during the election campaign in 2016 "You must stop this hateful and harmful language towards women and people of color," Simmons wrote in an open letter to Trump published by the Huffington Post on November 11, 2016, two days after the election. "That is unacceptable… An entire generation of young people fear that this country has just elected its first dictator, and I cannot blame them for thinking that. However, I know you and I have to believe that you are willing to listen to outside people."

From New York to the Hollywood Hills, Yogi Style

Simmons moved to LA from New York in 2014 and lives in the Hollywood Hills. He divorced his former wife, Kimora Lee, in 2009; they continue to co-parent two daughters, Ming Lee and Aoki Lee. In November 2016 he opened a luxe wellness centre, Tantris, in West Hollywood — it shares a building with Soho House. The 8,000 square-foot space has two studios, a juice bar and — this being Hollywood — a blow-dry bar. A dedicated yogi for more than 20 years, Simmons teaches a class himself on Fridays. "Devotional music" is a feature at Tantris, he told the Hollywood Reporter — but there is also, of course, hip hop.

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